una partícula con carga eléctrica negativa y velocidad v⃗ penetra en el campo eléctrico uniforme entre dos placas, como ilustra el esquema, y se mueve dentro de la región de campo hasta salir de ella. ¿cuál de los siguientes vectores ilustraría mejor la velocidad de la partícula al abandonar la región de campo?
Santiago
Chicos, ¿alguien sabe la respuesta?
obtenga una partícula con carga eléctrica negativa y velocidad v⃗ penetra en el campo eléctrico uniforme entre dos placas, como ilustra el esquema, y se mueve dentro de la región de campo hasta salir de ella. ¿cuál de los siguientes vectores ilustraría mejor la velocidad de la partícula al abandonar la región de campo? de este sitio.
Movimiento de una partícula cargada en un campo eléctrico y en un campo magnético
Movimiento de una partícula cargada en un campo eléctrico y en un campo magnético
En esta página se estudia el movimiento de una partícula cargada en:
En un campo eléctrico uniforme
En un campo magnético uniforme
Cuando ambos campos están presentes
Las direcciones de los campos eléctrico y magnético son perpendiculares entre sí
El caso particular más importante es el selector de velocidades, se compensan las fuerzas que ejercen el campo eléctrico y el campo magnético sobre una partícula cargada que se mueve con velocidad v. La partícula sigue una trayectoria rectilínea
Movimiento en un campo eléctrico
Una partícula cargada que está en una región donde hay un campo eléctrico, experimenta una fuerza igual al producto de su carga por la intensidad del campo eléctrico
→ f e = q → E fe→=qE→ .
Si la carga es positiva, experimenta una fuerza en el sentido del campo
Si la carga es negativa, experimenta una fuerza en sentido contrario al campo
Si el campo es uniforme, la fuerza es constante y también lo es, la aceleración. Aplicando las ecuaciones del movimiento rectilíneo uniformemente acelerado, obtenemos la velocidad de la partícula en cualquier instante o después de haberse desplazado una determinada distancia
a = q E m v = v 0 + a t x = v 0 t + 1 2 a t 2
a=qEm v=v0+at x=v0t+12at2
Aplicamos el principio de conservación de la energía, ya que el campo eléctrico es conservativo. La energía potencial q(V'-V) se transforma en energía cinética. Siendo V'-V la diferencia de potencial existente entre dos puntos distantes x. En un campo eléctrico uniforme V'-V=Ex.
q ( V ' − V ) = 1 2 m v 2 − 1 2 m v 2 0
q(V'−V)=12mv2−12mv02
El generador de Van de Graaff se emplea para acelerar partículas. En el terminal esférico del generador se producen iones positivos que son acelerados a lo largo de un tubo en el que se ha hecho el vacío, por la diferencia de potencial existente entre la esfera cargada y tierra.
Movimiento en un campo magnético
Una partícula que se mueve en un campo magnético experimenta una fuerza
−→ f m = q → v × → B fm→=qv→×B→
. El resultado de un producto vectorial es un vector de
módulo igual al producto de los módulos por el seno del ángulo comprendido qvB sinθ
dirección perpendicular al plano formado por los vectores velocidad
→ v v→ y campo → B B→ .
y el sentido se obtiene por la denominada regla del sacacorchos. Si la carga es positiva el sentido es el del producto vectorial
→ v × → B v→×B→
, como en la figura izquierda. Si la carga es negativa el sentido de la fuerza es contrario al del producto vectorial
→ v × → B v→×B→
, figura de la derecha
Una partícula cargada describeuna trayectoria circular en un campo magnético uniforme. El radio, se obtiene a partir de la ecuación de la dinámica del movimiento circular uniforme: fuerza igual a masa por aceleración normal.
F m = m v 2 r q v B = m v 2 r r = m v q B
Fm=mv2r qvB=mv2r r=mvqB
Estudiaremos en esta página y las que siguen, varias situaciones en las que una partícula cargada positiva o negativa se mueve en una región donde existe un campo eléctrico, un campo magnético, o un campo eléctrico y magnéticos cruzados (perpendiculares entre sí).
Movimiento en un campo eléctrico y magnéticos cruzados
En este apartado, vamos a practicar con las fuerzas que ejercen un campo magnético y un campo eléctrico sobre partículas cargadas en movimiento.
El campo eléctrico está creado por las dos placas de un condensador plano-paralelo que distan d y tienen una longitud L, su sentido es de la placa positiva (color rojo) a la negativa (color azul).
El campo magnético es perpendicular al plano de la página, es positivo cuando apunta hacia dentro (color azul claro) y es negativo cuando apunta hacia fuera (color rosa).
Desviación nula de la partículaUna carga eléctrica se mueve con velocidad v0 desconocida a lo largo del eje horizontal X. Buscaremos las intensidades y los sentidos de los campos eléctrico y magnético que hacen que la partícula se mueva a lo largo del eje X sin desviarse.
El campo eléctrico ejerce una fuerza
→ f e = q → E fe→=qE→
El campo magnético ejerce una fuerza
1. b) Si una partícula cargada penetra en un campo eléctrico con una cierta velocidad,
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1.
b) Si una partícula cargada penetra en un campo eléctrico con una cierta velocidad, - Brainly.lat
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🥇▷【 Movimiento de una partícula cargada dentro de un campo eléctrico
✍✅ - Movimiento de una partícula cargada dentro de un campo eléctrico - Consideraciones: Vamos a analizar diversos casos: a) Una partícula se encuentra en reposo dentro del espacio comprendido entre dos placas (figura anterior). Sin tener en cuenta su masa, la única Fuerza que actúa sobre ella es l
Movimiento de una partícula cargada dentro de un campo eléctrico
Vamos a analizar diversos casos:
a) en reposo dentro del espacio comprendido entre dos placas (figura anterior).
Sin tener en cuenta su masa, la única Fuerza que actúa sobre ella es la que se origina al activar el campo eléctrico.
La Fuerza que se origina modifica su estado, hará que se mueva lo que produce una aceleración.
A partir de aquí, puedes poner en práctica lo estudiado en Cinemática.
La distancia o espacio lo representamos por y las fórmulas que en Cinemática estudiamos son:
Ahora la partícula se mueve dentro de un campo eléctrico y que por partir del reposo, y que la aceleración vale podemos escribir las fórmulas siguientes basándonos en las anteriores:
Conviene recordar la equivalencia entre Trabajo y variación de la Energía Cinética.
Una vez más, siempre que al aplicar un Fuerza sobre un objeto éste se mueve, sin tener en cuenta alguna excepción, y hay un incremento del espacio decimos que se produce un Trabajo en cuyo caso escribimos:
En esta figura:
representamos una eléctrica negativa de 1,5 x 10-17C
de………………………8,6 x10-28Kg del campo eléctrico.....7 x 104 N/Centre las placas……… 5cm¿Con qué velocidad llega a la placa negativa?
Respuesta:10.741.723,11 m/s.
Solución:
Una carga eléctrica negativa de 2 x 10-15C y una masa de 7,6 x 10-22 penetra en un campo eléctrico de 4000N/C a una velocidad de 4 x 106m/s de forma paralela y del mismo sentido al campo:
¿Cuánto tiempo necesita para que un momento dado, su velocidad sea 0 (se detenga)?
Respuesta:3,8 x 10-13s
Solución:Conocemos la fórmula de la velocidad final pero cuando el móvil se detiene por causa de una aceleración negativa, esta fórmula se nos convierte en: (I)
Hemos deducido la fórmula de la aceleración cuando el movimiento se produce dentro de un campo eléctrico uniforme:
Estudiamos ahora el caso en que la partícula penetra perpendicularmente a la dirección del campo eléctrico:
Esta partícula cuya masa es penetra en el campo de intensidad uniforme y una carga (negativa) a una velocidad inicial
¿Con qué aceleración se encuentra en cuanto penetra en el campo eléctrico uniforme?
Ya la calculamos:
La trayectoria que describe dentro del campo es .
Un movimiento parabólico es el que resulta de otros dos, es decir, que el movimiento parabólico es la composición de otros. Probablemente lo has estudiado en Matemáticas y por si no lo recuerdas, observa esta figura:
El círculo rojo representa a la carga que ha entrado en el campo eléctrico perpendicularmente a éste.
En blanco la trayectoria que describe la carga dentro del campo eléctrico. En cada punto señalado puedes observar una con respecto al eje que se mantiene (no hay rozamientos) y siempre vale la velocidad con la que entró.
(I)
Pero ¿qué sucede con la velocidad referida al eje de ordenadas?
Es indudable que la placa positiva atrae a esta carga que la hemos supuesto negativa.
Imagina una pelota de tenis que se siente atraída por la gravedad de la Tierra. A medida que va descendiendo va incrementando su velocidad.
Lo mismo sucede dentro del campo eléctrico.
Dentro del campo eléctrico como en el gravitacional la velocidad referida al eje de ordenadas varía constantemente.
(II)
Las ecuaciones (I) y (II)
es un número, una magnitud escalar como 34, 25, etc.
Chicos, ¿alguien sabe la respuesta?